Page 2 - Perpustakaan Lemhannas RI

Indikator dari masing-masing aspek yang mempengaruhi tingkat daya saing
produk atau perusahaan tersebut di atas digambarkan sebagai berikut (sumber:
Porter, 1985, p.6):

Grafik 10.2
Diagram Faktor Determinan Daya Saing Produk dan Ekonomi

Entry Barriers New Entrants Rivalry Determinants
• Economies o f scale • Industry growth
• Proprietary product differences Threat of • Fixed (or storage) costs / value added
• Brand identity New Entrants • Intermittent overcapacity
• Switching costs • Product differences
• Capital requirements Industry • Brand identity
• Access to distribution Competitors • Switching costs
• Absolute cost advantages • Concentration and balance
• Informational complexity
Proprietary learning curve • Diversity of competitors
Access to necessary inputs • Corporate stakes
Proprietary low-cost product design • Exit barriers
• Government policy
• Expected retaliation

Bargaining Power Bargaining Power
of Suppliers of Buyers

Suppliers Buyers

Intensity Determinants of Buver Power
of Rivalry

Determinants of Supplier Power Threat of Bargaining Leverage Price Sensitivity'
• Differentiation of inputs Substitutes
• Switching costs of suppliers and firms in the industry • Buyer concentration v a • Price'total purchases
• Presence o f substitute inputs Substitutes
• Supplier concentration firm concentration • Product differences
• Importance o f volume to supplier
• Cost relative to total purchases in the industry • Buv er volume • Brand identity'
• Impact o f inputs on cost or differentiation
• Threat o f forward integration relative to threat of • Buv er switching costs • Impact on quality/

backward integration by firms in the industry relative to firm performance

switching costs • Buyer profits

• Buyer information • Decision maker’s

Determinants of Substitution Threat • Ability to backward incentives
• Relative price performance of substitutes
• Switching costs integrate
• Buyer propensity to substitute
• Substitute products

Porter menyebutkan • Pull-through “At the most

fundamental level, firm s create competitive advantage by perceiving or

discovering new and better ways to compete in an industry and bringing them to

market, which is ultimately an act o f innovation. Innovations shift competitive

advantage when rivals either fa il to perceive the new way o f competing or are

unwilling or unable to respond .. The most typical causes o f innovations that

shift competitive advantage are the following new technologies, new or shifting

buyer needs, the emergence o f a new industry segment, shifting input costs or

availability and changes in government regulations".

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